WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.650 --> 00:00:03.110 align:start position:0%
 
cell<00:00:01.650><c> references</c><00:00:02.280><c> are</c><00:00:02.550><c> one</c><00:00:02.730><c> of</c><00:00:02.820><c> the</c><00:00:02.909><c> most</c>

00:00:03.110 --> 00:00:03.120 align:start position:0%
cell references are one of the most
 

00:00:03.120 --> 00:00:05.269 align:start position:0%
cell references are one of the most
important<00:00:03.689><c> concepts</c><00:00:04.170><c> in</c><00:00:04.319><c> Google</c><00:00:04.710><c> sheets</c><00:00:04.980><c> and</c>

00:00:05.269 --> 00:00:05.279 align:start position:0%
important concepts in Google sheets and
 

00:00:05.279 --> 00:00:06.829 align:start position:0%
important concepts in Google sheets and
there<00:00:05.580><c> are</c><00:00:05.670><c> two</c><00:00:05.850><c> different</c><00:00:06.180><c> types</c><00:00:06.390><c> that</c><00:00:06.690><c> you</c>

00:00:06.829 --> 00:00:06.839 align:start position:0%
there are two different types that you
 

00:00:06.839 --> 00:00:09.169 align:start position:0%
there are two different types that you
need<00:00:07.020><c> to</c><00:00:07.140><c> know</c><00:00:07.290><c> about</c><00:00:07.550><c> relative</c><00:00:08.550><c> references</c>

00:00:09.169 --> 00:00:09.179 align:start position:0%
need to know about relative references
 

00:00:09.179 --> 00:00:12.350 align:start position:0%
need to know about relative references
and<00:00:09.500><c> absolute</c><00:00:10.500><c> references</c><00:00:10.940><c> let's</c><00:00:11.940><c> start</c><00:00:12.210><c> with</c>

00:00:12.350 --> 00:00:12.360 align:start position:0%
and absolute references let's start with
 

00:00:12.360 --> 00:00:14.930 align:start position:0%
and absolute references let's start with
relative<00:00:12.860><c> relative</c><00:00:13.860><c> references</c><00:00:14.549><c> are</c><00:00:14.790><c> the</c>

00:00:14.930 --> 00:00:14.940 align:start position:0%
relative relative references are the
 

00:00:14.940 --> 00:00:16.970 align:start position:0%
relative relative references are the
default<00:00:15.389><c> type</c><00:00:15.690><c> of</c><00:00:15.870><c> reference</c><00:00:16.049><c> they</c><00:00:16.920><c> are</c>

00:00:16.970 --> 00:00:16.980 align:start position:0%
default type of reference they are
 

00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:18.650 align:start position:0%
default type of reference they are
probably<00:00:17.310><c> the</c><00:00:17.699><c> one</c><00:00:17.880><c> that</c><00:00:18.119><c> you're</c><00:00:18.270><c> going</c><00:00:18.300><c> to</c>

00:00:18.650 --> 00:00:18.660 align:start position:0%
probably the one that you're going to
 

00:00:18.660 --> 00:00:21.320 align:start position:0%
probably the one that you're going to
use<00:00:18.810><c> the</c><00:00:19.020><c> most</c><00:00:19.199><c> often</c><00:00:19.470><c> in</c><00:00:19.949><c> this</c><00:00:20.640><c> example</c><00:00:21.000><c> I</c>

00:00:21.320 --> 00:00:21.330 align:start position:0%
use the most often in this example I
 

00:00:21.330 --> 00:00:22.849 align:start position:0%
use the most often in this example I
want<00:00:21.630><c> to</c><00:00:21.750><c> know</c><00:00:21.900><c> the</c><00:00:22.080><c> amount</c><00:00:22.380><c> of</c><00:00:22.529><c> money</c><00:00:22.769><c> spent</c>

00:00:22.849 --> 00:00:22.859 align:start position:0%
want to know the amount of money spent
 

00:00:22.859 --> 00:00:25.460 align:start position:0%
want to know the amount of money spent
on<00:00:23.279><c> food</c><00:00:23.640><c> items</c><00:00:23.820><c> and</c><00:00:24.210><c> to</c><00:00:24.600><c> do</c><00:00:24.750><c> this</c><00:00:24.930><c> I'll</c><00:00:25.230><c> need</c>

00:00:25.460 --> 00:00:25.470 align:start position:0%
on food items and to do this I'll need
 

00:00:25.470 --> 00:00:27.650 align:start position:0%
on food items and to do this I'll need
to<00:00:25.650><c> multiply</c><00:00:25.859><c> the</c><00:00:26.189><c> values</c><00:00:26.760><c> in</c><00:00:27.000><c> these</c><00:00:27.269><c> cells</c>

00:00:27.650 --> 00:00:27.660 align:start position:0%
to multiply the values in these cells
 

00:00:27.660 --> 00:00:31.640 align:start position:0%
to multiply the values in these cells
I'll<00:00:28.380><c> just</c><00:00:29.279><c> enter</c><00:00:29.609><c> my</c><00:00:29.730><c> formula</c><00:00:30.240><c> here</c><00:00:30.599><c> start</c><00:00:31.529><c> by</c>

00:00:31.640 --> 00:00:31.650 align:start position:0%
I'll just enter my formula here start by
 

00:00:31.650 --> 00:00:33.979 align:start position:0%
I'll just enter my formula here start by
typing<00:00:31.859><c> the</c><00:00:32.130><c> equal</c><00:00:32.489><c> sign</c><00:00:32.790><c> and</c><00:00:33.030><c> then</c><00:00:33.930><c> the</c>

00:00:33.979 --> 00:00:33.989 align:start position:0%
typing the equal sign and then the
 

00:00:33.989 --> 00:00:38.750 align:start position:0%
typing the equal sign and then the
formula<00:00:34.110><c> will</c><00:00:34.770><c> be</c><00:00:34.800><c> B</c><00:00:35.700><c> 4</c><00:00:36.120><c> times</c><00:00:36.750><c> C</c><00:00:37.440><c> 4</c><00:00:37.770><c> when</c>

00:00:38.750 --> 00:00:38.760 align:start position:0%
formula will be B 4 times C 4 when
 

00:00:38.760 --> 00:00:41.049 align:start position:0%
formula will be B 4 times C 4 when
you're<00:00:38.940><c> done</c><00:00:39.120><c> press</c><00:00:39.660><c> ENTER</c><00:00:40.079><c> on</c><00:00:40.110><c> your</c><00:00:40.260><c> keyboard</c>

00:00:41.049 --> 00:00:41.059 align:start position:0%
you're done press ENTER on your keyboard
 

00:00:41.059 --> 00:00:43.910 align:start position:0%
you're done press ENTER on your keyboard
now<00:00:42.059><c> if</c><00:00:42.390><c> I</c><00:00:42.510><c> use</c><00:00:42.540><c> the</c><00:00:42.750><c> fill</c><00:00:43.170><c> handle</c><00:00:43.379><c> to</c><00:00:43.620><c> copy</c>

00:00:43.910 --> 00:00:43.920 align:start position:0%
now if I use the fill handle to copy
 

00:00:43.920 --> 00:00:46.760 align:start position:0%
now if I use the fill handle to copy
this<00:00:44.219><c> formula</c><00:00:44.520><c> to</c><00:00:44.969><c> all</c><00:00:45.149><c> of</c><00:00:45.329><c> the</c><00:00:45.450><c> cells</c><00:00:45.750><c> you</c><00:00:46.110><c> can</c>

00:00:46.760 --> 00:00:46.770 align:start position:0%
this formula to all of the cells you can
 

00:00:46.770 --> 00:00:49.130 align:start position:0%
this formula to all of the cells you can
see<00:00:46.829><c> that</c><00:00:47.129><c> in</c><00:00:47.280><c> each</c><00:00:47.520><c> one</c><00:00:47.550><c> the</c><00:00:48.300><c> cell</c><00:00:48.539><c> references</c>

00:00:49.130 --> 00:00:49.140 align:start position:0%
see that in each one the cell references
 

00:00:49.140 --> 00:00:51.590 align:start position:0%
see that in each one the cell references
are<00:00:49.410><c> actually</c><00:00:49.920><c> going</c><00:00:50.070><c> to</c><00:00:50.190><c> be</c><00:00:50.280><c> different</c><00:00:50.789><c> so</c><00:00:51.390><c> we</c>

00:00:51.590 --> 00:00:51.600 align:start position:0%
are actually going to be different so we
 

00:00:51.600 --> 00:00:57.799 align:start position:0%
are actually going to be different so we
have<00:00:51.840><c> b5</c><00:00:53.090><c> b6</c><00:00:54.320><c> b7</c><00:00:55.320><c> and</c><00:00:55.920><c> so</c><00:00:56.460><c> on</c><00:00:56.640><c> that's</c><00:00:57.329><c> because</c>

00:00:57.799 --> 00:00:57.809 align:start position:0%
have b5 b6 b7 and so on that's because
 

00:00:57.809 --> 00:01:00.349 align:start position:0%
have b5 b6 b7 and so on that's because
these<00:00:58.079><c> are</c><00:00:58.140><c> relative</c><00:00:58.920><c> references</c><00:00:59.239><c> when</c><00:01:00.239><c> we</c>

00:01:00.349 --> 00:01:00.359 align:start position:0%
these are relative references when we
 

00:01:00.359 --> 00:01:02.180 align:start position:0%
these are relative references when we
enter<00:01:00.660><c> the</c><00:01:00.780><c> references</c><00:01:01.320><c> in</c><00:01:01.530><c> the</c><00:01:01.559><c> original</c>

00:01:02.180 --> 00:01:02.190 align:start position:0%
enter the references in the original
 

00:01:02.190 --> 00:01:04.369 align:start position:0%
enter the references in the original
formula<00:01:02.699><c> what</c><00:01:03.000><c> the</c><00:01:03.149><c> spreadsheet</c><00:01:03.690><c> actually</c>

00:01:04.369 --> 00:01:04.379 align:start position:0%
formula what the spreadsheet actually
 

00:01:04.379 --> 00:01:06.980 align:start position:0%
formula what the spreadsheet actually
sees<00:01:04.680><c> is</c><00:01:04.979><c> just</c><00:01:05.040><c> the</c><00:01:05.489><c> location</c><00:01:05.850><c> relative</c><00:01:06.780><c> to</c>

00:01:06.980 --> 00:01:06.990 align:start position:0%
sees is just the location relative to
 

00:01:06.990 --> 00:01:09.590 align:start position:0%
sees is just the location relative to
the<00:01:07.140><c> cell</c><00:01:07.380><c> that</c><00:01:07.409><c> contains</c><00:01:07.799><c> the</c><00:01:08.189><c> formula</c><00:01:08.450><c> so</c><00:01:09.450><c> in</c>

00:01:09.590 --> 00:01:09.600 align:start position:0%
the cell that contains the formula so in
 

00:01:09.600 --> 00:01:11.960 align:start position:0%
the cell that contains the formula so in
this<00:01:09.750><c> case</c><00:01:10.049><c> it's</c><00:01:10.470><c> looking</c><00:01:10.950><c> at</c><00:01:11.040><c> the</c><00:01:11.159><c> cells</c><00:01:11.460><c> to</c>

00:01:11.960 --> 00:01:11.970 align:start position:0%
this case it's looking at the cells to
 

00:01:11.970 --> 00:01:13.820 align:start position:0%
this case it's looking at the cells to
the<00:01:12.090><c> left</c><00:01:12.390><c> of</c><00:01:12.570><c> our</c><00:01:12.689><c> current</c><00:01:13.080><c> location</c><00:01:13.650><c> and</c>

00:01:13.820 --> 00:01:13.830 align:start position:0%
the left of our current location and
 

00:01:13.830 --> 00:01:18.560 align:start position:0%
the left of our current location and
that<00:01:14.549><c> happens</c><00:01:14.909><c> to</c><00:01:15.060><c> be</c><00:01:15.090><c> cells</c><00:01:15.540><c> b4</c><00:01:16.020><c> and</c><00:01:16.650><c> c4</c><00:01:17.570><c> each</c>

00:01:18.560 --> 00:01:18.570 align:start position:0%
that happens to be cells b4 and c4 each
 

00:01:18.570 --> 00:01:20.840 align:start position:0%
that happens to be cells b4 and c4 each
copy<00:01:18.930><c> is</c><00:01:19.259><c> also</c><00:01:19.710><c> looking</c><00:01:20.040><c> at</c><00:01:20.159><c> the</c><00:01:20.280><c> cells</c><00:01:20.490><c> to</c><00:01:20.759><c> the</c>

00:01:20.840 --> 00:01:20.850 align:start position:0%
copy is also looking at the cells to the
 

00:01:20.850 --> 00:01:23.120 align:start position:0%
copy is also looking at the cells to the
left<00:01:21.060><c> of</c><00:01:21.210><c> the</c><00:01:21.299><c> formula</c><00:01:21.780><c> this</c><00:01:22.439><c> technique</c><00:01:22.920><c> is</c>

00:01:23.120 --> 00:01:23.130 align:start position:0%
left of the formula this technique is
 

00:01:23.130 --> 00:01:24.890 align:start position:0%
left of the formula this technique is
really<00:01:23.369><c> useful</c><00:01:23.909><c> because</c><00:01:24.119><c> it</c><00:01:24.390><c> means</c><00:01:24.540><c> we</c><00:01:24.750><c> can</c>

00:01:24.890 --> 00:01:24.900 align:start position:0%
really useful because it means we can
 

00:01:24.900 --> 00:01:27.260 align:start position:0%
really useful because it means we can
copy<00:01:25.170><c> the</c><00:01:25.409><c> formula</c><00:01:25.830><c> as</c><00:01:25.979><c> we</c><00:01:26.280><c> did</c><00:01:26.460><c> here</c><00:01:26.759><c> and</c><00:01:26.880><c> the</c>

00:01:27.260 --> 00:01:27.270 align:start position:0%
copy the formula as we did here and the
 

00:01:27.270 --> 00:01:28.850 align:start position:0%
copy the formula as we did here and the
cell<00:01:27.450><c> references</c><00:01:27.990><c> will</c><00:01:28.170><c> sort</c><00:01:28.409><c> of</c><00:01:28.470><c> move</c><00:01:28.680><c> along</c>

00:01:28.850 --> 00:01:28.860 align:start position:0%
cell references will sort of move along
 

00:01:28.860 --> 00:01:31.130 align:start position:0%
cell references will sort of move along
with<00:01:29.220><c> it</c><00:01:29.430><c> that</c><00:01:30.119><c> doesn't</c><00:01:30.420><c> mean</c><00:01:30.509><c> the</c><00:01:30.630><c> references</c>

00:01:31.130 --> 00:01:31.140 align:start position:0%
with it that doesn't mean the references
 

00:01:31.140 --> 00:01:32.990 align:start position:0%
with it that doesn't mean the references
have<00:01:31.290><c> to</c><00:01:31.500><c> be</c><00:01:31.590><c> in</c><00:01:31.710><c> the</c><00:01:31.829><c> same</c><00:01:32.070><c> row</c><00:01:32.340><c> like</c><00:01:32.700><c> they</c><00:01:32.850><c> are</c>

00:01:32.990 --> 00:01:33.000 align:start position:0%
have to be in the same row like they are
 

00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:34.850 align:start position:0%
have to be in the same row like they are
in<00:01:33.119><c> this</c><00:01:33.270><c> example</c><00:01:33.659><c> they</c><00:01:34.170><c> could</c><00:01:34.229><c> be</c><00:01:34.470><c> anywhere</c>

00:01:34.850 --> 00:01:34.860 align:start position:0%
in this example they could be anywhere
 

00:01:34.860 --> 00:01:36.830 align:start position:0%
in this example they could be anywhere
in<00:01:34.920><c> the</c><00:01:35.130><c> sheet</c><00:01:35.340><c> it</c><00:01:35.549><c> just</c><00:01:36.090><c> means</c><00:01:36.299><c> that</c><00:01:36.450><c> when</c><00:01:36.689><c> the</c>

00:01:36.830 --> 00:01:36.840 align:start position:0%
in the sheet it just means that when the
 

00:01:36.840 --> 00:01:38.690 align:start position:0%
in the sheet it just means that when the
formula<00:01:37.320><c> is</c><00:01:37.500><c> copied</c><00:01:37.710><c> to</c><00:01:38.040><c> a</c><00:01:38.070><c> different</c><00:01:38.460><c> cell</c>

00:01:38.690 --> 00:01:38.700 align:start position:0%
formula is copied to a different cell
 

00:01:38.700 --> 00:01:40.819 align:start position:0%
formula is copied to a different cell
the<00:01:39.060><c> references</c><00:01:39.630><c> will</c><00:01:39.869><c> move</c><00:01:40.079><c> along</c><00:01:40.259><c> with</c><00:01:40.470><c> the</c>

00:01:40.819 --> 00:01:40.829 align:start position:0%
the references will move along with the
 

00:01:40.829 --> 00:01:42.580 align:start position:0%
the references will move along with the
formula

00:01:42.580 --> 00:01:42.590 align:start position:0%
formula
 

00:01:42.590 --> 00:01:44.679 align:start position:0%
formula
there<00:01:43.219><c> may</c><00:01:43.399><c> be</c><00:01:43.429><c> times</c><00:01:43.759><c> when</c><00:01:44.000><c> you</c><00:01:44.119><c> don't</c><00:01:44.479><c> want</c>

00:01:44.679 --> 00:01:44.689 align:start position:0%
there may be times when you don't want
 

00:01:44.689 --> 00:01:46.840 align:start position:0%
there may be times when you don't want
the<00:01:44.810><c> cell</c><00:01:45.020><c> reference</c><00:01:45.409><c> to</c><00:01:45.619><c> change</c><00:01:45.920><c> in</c><00:01:46.219><c> this</c>

00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:46.850 align:start position:0%
the cell reference to change in this
 

00:01:46.850 --> 00:01:48.490 align:start position:0%
the cell reference to change in this
example<00:01:47.210><c> we</c><00:01:47.570><c> have</c><00:01:47.600><c> a</c><00:01:47.750><c> list</c><00:01:48.020><c> of</c><00:01:48.140><c> catering</c>

00:01:48.490 --> 00:01:48.500 align:start position:0%
example we have a list of catering
 

00:01:48.500 --> 00:01:50.560 align:start position:0%
example we have a list of catering
expenses<00:01:49.189><c> and</c><00:01:49.429><c> we</c><00:01:49.670><c> want</c><00:01:49.850><c> to</c><00:01:49.969><c> find</c><00:01:50.210><c> the</c><00:01:50.359><c> total</c>

00:01:50.560 --> 00:01:50.570 align:start position:0%
expenses and we want to find the total
 

00:01:50.570 --> 00:01:53.440 align:start position:0%
expenses and we want to find the total
spent<00:01:51.049><c> on</c><00:01:51.200><c> each</c><00:01:51.530><c> item</c><00:01:51.799><c> so</c><00:01:52.609><c> for</c><00:01:52.850><c> the</c><00:01:52.939><c> first</c><00:01:53.119><c> one</c>

00:01:53.440 --> 00:01:53.450 align:start position:0%
spent on each item so for the first one
 

00:01:53.450 --> 00:01:57.849 align:start position:0%
spent on each item so for the first one
we<00:01:53.960><c> know</c><00:01:54.140><c> we</c><00:01:54.350><c> spent</c><00:01:54.819><c> $44</c><00:01:55.819><c> and</c><00:01:56.090><c> 85</c><00:01:56.719><c> cents</c><00:01:57.229><c> but</c>

00:01:57.849 --> 00:01:57.859 align:start position:0%
we know we spent $44 and 85 cents but
 

00:01:57.859 --> 00:01:59.830 align:start position:0%
we know we spent $44 and 85 cents but
what<00:01:58.159><c> is</c><00:01:58.310><c> the</c><00:01:58.460><c> total</c><00:01:58.640><c> including</c><00:01:59.270><c> the</c><00:01:59.390><c> tax</c><00:01:59.600><c> rate</c>

00:01:59.830 --> 00:01:59.840 align:start position:0%
what is the total including the tax rate
 

00:01:59.840 --> 00:02:02.020 align:start position:0%
what is the total including the tax rate
we<00:02:00.439><c> can</c><00:02:00.590><c> find</c><00:02:00.860><c> the</c><00:02:00.979><c> answer</c><00:02:01.310><c> by</c><00:02:01.490><c> multiplying</c>

00:02:02.020 --> 00:02:02.030 align:start position:0%
we can find the answer by multiplying
 

00:02:02.030 --> 00:02:05.800 align:start position:0%
we can find the answer by multiplying
I'll<00:02:02.630><c> type</c><00:02:03.079><c> the</c><00:02:03.110><c> equal</c><00:02:03.590><c> sign</c><00:02:03.860><c> then</c><00:02:04.729><c> be</c><00:02:05.390><c> four</c>

00:02:05.800 --> 00:02:05.810 align:start position:0%
I'll type the equal sign then be four
 

00:02:05.810 --> 00:02:06.789 align:start position:0%
I'll type the equal sign then be four
times

00:02:06.789 --> 00:02:06.799 align:start position:0%
times
 

00:02:06.799 --> 00:02:10.230 align:start position:0%
times
C<00:02:07.069><c> four</c><00:02:07.399><c> times</c><00:02:08.149><c> e</c><00:02:08.390><c> to</c>

00:02:10.230 --> 00:02:10.240 align:start position:0%
C four times e to
 

00:02:10.240 --> 00:02:12.660 align:start position:0%
C four times e to
then<00:02:10.870><c> I'll</c><00:02:11.200><c> use</c><00:02:11.260><c> the</c><00:02:11.500><c> fill</c><00:02:11.920><c> handle</c><00:02:12.130><c> to</c><00:02:12.370><c> copy</c>

00:02:12.660 --> 00:02:12.670 align:start position:0%
then I'll use the fill handle to copy
 

00:02:12.670 --> 00:02:14.780 align:start position:0%
then I'll use the fill handle to copy
the<00:02:12.940><c> formula</c><00:02:13.420><c> to</c><00:02:13.540><c> the</c><00:02:13.690><c> rest</c><00:02:13.930><c> of</c><00:02:14.080><c> these</c><00:02:14.170><c> cells</c>

00:02:14.780 --> 00:02:14.790 align:start position:0%
the formula to the rest of these cells
 

00:02:14.790 --> 00:02:16.530 align:start position:0%
the formula to the rest of these cells
but<00:02:15.790><c> wait</c><00:02:16.090><c> a</c><00:02:16.120><c> minute</c>

00:02:16.530 --> 00:02:16.540 align:start position:0%
but wait a minute
 

00:02:16.540 --> 00:02:18.900 align:start position:0%
but wait a minute
that<00:02:16.810><c> doesn't</c><00:02:17.140><c> look</c><00:02:17.260><c> right</c><00:02:17.710><c> the</c><00:02:18.370><c> first</c><00:02:18.640><c> ones</c>

00:02:18.900 --> 00:02:18.910 align:start position:0%
that doesn't look right the first ones
 

00:02:18.910 --> 00:02:21.030 align:start position:0%
that doesn't look right the first ones
correct<00:02:19.330><c> because</c><00:02:19.720><c> it's</c><00:02:19.870><c> multiplying</c><00:02:20.350><c> by</c><00:02:20.680><c> e2</c>

00:02:21.030 --> 00:02:21.040 align:start position:0%
correct because it's multiplying by e2
 

00:02:21.040 --> 00:02:24.030 align:start position:0%
correct because it's multiplying by e2
which<00:02:21.760><c> is</c><00:02:21.940><c> our</c><00:02:22.060><c> tax</c><00:02:22.330><c> rate</c><00:02:22.600><c> but</c><00:02:23.440><c> as</c><00:02:23.560><c> we</c><00:02:23.680><c> go</c><00:02:23.830><c> down</c>

00:02:24.030 --> 00:02:24.040 align:start position:0%
which is our tax rate but as we go down
 

00:02:24.040 --> 00:02:25.800 align:start position:0%
which is our tax rate but as we go down
the<00:02:24.220><c> list</c><00:02:24.460><c> we</c><00:02:24.940><c> can</c><00:02:25.060><c> see</c><00:02:25.300><c> that</c><00:02:25.480><c> the</c><00:02:25.600><c> cell</c>

00:02:25.800 --> 00:02:25.810 align:start position:0%
the list we can see that the cell
 

00:02:25.810 --> 00:02:27.810 align:start position:0%
the list we can see that the cell
reference<00:02:26.230><c> is</c><00:02:26.440><c> moving</c><00:02:27.010><c> into</c><00:02:27.280><c> these</c><00:02:27.430><c> cells</c>

00:02:27.810 --> 00:02:27.820 align:start position:0%
reference is moving into these cells
 

00:02:27.820 --> 00:02:30.390 align:start position:0%
reference is moving into these cells
which<00:02:28.270><c> isn't</c><00:02:28.540><c> what</c><00:02:28.870><c> we</c><00:02:28.990><c> want</c><00:02:29.230><c> we</c><00:02:29.980><c> wanted</c><00:02:30.250><c> to</c>

00:02:30.390 --> 00:02:30.400 align:start position:0%
which isn't what we want we wanted to
 

00:02:30.400 --> 00:02:32.910 align:start position:0%
which isn't what we want we wanted to
stay<00:02:30.610><c> frozen</c><00:02:31.210><c> on</c><00:02:31.390><c> e</c><00:02:31.750><c> 2</c><00:02:32.020><c> for</c><00:02:32.380><c> all</c><00:02:32.530><c> of</c><00:02:32.770><c> these</c>

00:02:32.910 --> 00:02:32.920 align:start position:0%
stay frozen on e 2 for all of these
 

00:02:32.920 --> 00:02:35.490 align:start position:0%
stay frozen on e 2 for all of these
formulas<00:02:33.550><c> and</c><00:02:33.760><c> to</c><00:02:34.420><c> do</c><00:02:34.600><c> that</c><00:02:34.840><c> we'll</c><00:02:35.170><c> need</c><00:02:35.200><c> to</c>

00:02:35.490 --> 00:02:35.500 align:start position:0%
formulas and to do that we'll need to
 

00:02:35.500 --> 00:02:38.290 align:start position:0%
formulas and to do that we'll need to
use<00:02:35.530><c> an</c><00:02:35.950><c> absolute</c><00:02:36.670><c> reference</c>

00:02:38.290 --> 00:02:38.300 align:start position:0%
use an absolute reference
 

00:02:38.300 --> 00:02:40.390 align:start position:0%
use an absolute reference
absolute<00:02:39.050><c> references</c><00:02:39.650><c> will</c><00:02:39.920><c> have</c><00:02:40.070><c> a</c><00:02:40.100><c> dollar</c>

00:02:40.390 --> 00:02:40.400 align:start position:0%
absolute references will have a dollar
 

00:02:40.400 --> 00:02:42.910 align:start position:0%
absolute references will have a dollar
sign<00:02:40.520><c> placed</c><00:02:41.150><c> before</c><00:02:41.450><c> the</c><00:02:41.840><c> column</c><00:02:42.260><c> and</c><00:02:42.440><c> the</c>

00:02:42.910 --> 00:02:42.920 align:start position:0%
sign placed before the column and the
 

00:02:42.920 --> 00:02:44.980 align:start position:0%
sign placed before the column and the
row<00:02:42.950><c> which</c><00:02:43.670><c> will</c><00:02:43.850><c> keep</c><00:02:44.060><c> them</c><00:02:44.270><c> from</c><00:02:44.300><c> changing</c>

00:02:44.980 --> 00:02:44.990 align:start position:0%
row which will keep them from changing
 

00:02:44.990 --> 00:02:47.140 align:start position:0%
row which will keep them from changing
no<00:02:45.350><c> matter</c><00:02:45.560><c> where</c><00:02:45.830><c> you</c><00:02:46.010><c> copy</c><00:02:46.280><c> the</c><00:02:46.490><c> formula</c><00:02:46.940><c> to</c>

00:02:47.140 --> 00:02:47.150 align:start position:0%
no matter where you copy the formula to
 

00:02:47.150 --> 00:02:49.990 align:start position:0%
no matter where you copy the formula to
you<00:02:47.930><c> may</c><00:02:48.140><c> also</c><00:02:48.320><c> see</c><00:02:48.740><c> mixed</c><00:02:49.160><c> references</c><00:02:49.760><c> that</c>

00:02:49.990 --> 00:02:50.000 align:start position:0%
you may also see mixed references that
 

00:02:50.000 --> 00:02:52.090 align:start position:0%
you may also see mixed references that
only<00:02:50.360><c> lock</c><00:02:50.570><c> the</c><00:02:50.780><c> row</c><00:02:50.960><c> or</c><00:02:51.260><c> the</c><00:02:51.350><c> column</c><00:02:51.560><c> when</c>

00:02:52.090 --> 00:02:52.100 align:start position:0%
only lock the row or the column when
 

00:02:52.100 --> 00:02:54.040 align:start position:0%
only lock the row or the column when
copied<00:02:52.520><c> although</c><00:02:53.120><c> these</c><00:02:53.330><c> are</c><00:02:53.390><c> a</c><00:02:53.600><c> bit</c><00:02:53.840><c> less</c>

00:02:54.040 --> 00:02:54.050 align:start position:0%
copied although these are a bit less
 

00:02:54.050 --> 00:02:56.120 align:start position:0%
copied although these are a bit less
common

00:02:56.120 --> 00:02:56.130 align:start position:0%
common
 

00:02:56.130 --> 00:02:58.460 align:start position:0%
common
we<00:02:56.580><c> can</c><00:02:56.730><c> go</c><00:02:56.880><c> back</c><00:02:57.090><c> to</c><00:02:57.360><c> our</c><00:02:57.510><c> example</c><00:02:57.660><c> and</c><00:02:58.260><c> add</c>

00:02:58.460 --> 00:02:58.470 align:start position:0%
we can go back to our example and add
 

00:02:58.470 --> 00:03:00.770 align:start position:0%
we can go back to our example and add
dollar<00:02:58.770><c> signs</c><00:02:59.190><c> before</c><00:02:59.520><c> the</c><00:02:59.880><c> column</c><00:03:00.300><c> and</c><00:03:00.450><c> the</c>

00:03:00.770 --> 00:03:00.780 align:start position:0%
dollar signs before the column and the
 

00:03:00.780 --> 00:03:03.790 align:start position:0%
dollar signs before the column and the
row<00:03:00.990><c> to</c><00:03:01.410><c> make</c><00:03:01.440><c> e</c><00:03:01.740><c> to</c><00:03:02.100><c> an</c><00:03:02.400><c> absolute</c><00:03:03.120><c> reference</c>

00:03:03.790 --> 00:03:03.800 align:start position:0%
row to make e to an absolute reference
 

00:03:03.800 --> 00:03:06.410 align:start position:0%
row to make e to an absolute reference
now<00:03:04.800><c> if</c><00:03:04.950><c> we</c><00:03:05.100><c> copy</c><00:03:05.310><c> the</c><00:03:05.580><c> formula</c><00:03:05.610><c> to</c><00:03:06.180><c> the</c><00:03:06.210><c> rest</c>

00:03:06.410 --> 00:03:06.420 align:start position:0%
now if we copy the formula to the rest
 

00:03:06.420 --> 00:03:09.590 align:start position:0%
now if we copy the formula to the rest
of<00:03:06.630><c> the</c><00:03:06.750><c> list</c><00:03:07.400><c> the</c><00:03:08.400><c> error</c><00:03:08.610><c> goes</c><00:03:08.940><c> away</c><00:03:09.000><c> and</c>

00:03:09.590 --> 00:03:09.600 align:start position:0%
of the list the error goes away and
 

00:03:09.600 --> 00:03:11.600 align:start position:0%
of the list the error goes away and
we're<00:03:09.870><c> left</c><00:03:10.110><c> with</c><00:03:10.350><c> the</c><00:03:10.470><c> correct</c><00:03:10.830><c> sales</c><00:03:11.220><c> tax</c>

00:03:11.600 --> 00:03:11.610 align:start position:0%
we're left with the correct sales tax
 

00:03:11.610 --> 00:03:14.360 align:start position:0%
we're left with the correct sales tax
the<00:03:12.600><c> relative</c><00:03:13.080><c> reference</c><00:03:13.530><c> is</c><00:03:13.740><c> different</c><00:03:14.220><c> in</c>

00:03:14.360 --> 00:03:14.370 align:start position:0%
the relative reference is different in
 

00:03:14.370 --> 00:03:17.060 align:start position:0%
the relative reference is different in
each<00:03:14.610><c> cell</c><00:03:14.970><c> but</c><00:03:15.570><c> the</c><00:03:15.720><c> e</c><00:03:15.750><c> to</c><00:03:16.230><c> reference</c><00:03:16.770><c> our</c>

00:03:17.060 --> 00:03:17.070 align:start position:0%
each cell but the e to reference our
 

00:03:17.070 --> 00:03:21.110 align:start position:0%
each cell but the e to reference our
absolute<00:03:17.970><c> reference</c><00:03:18.420><c> stays</c><00:03:19.080><c> the</c><00:03:19.410><c> same</c><00:03:19.440><c> as</c><00:03:20.120><c> you</c>

00:03:21.110 --> 00:03:21.120 align:start position:0%
absolute reference stays the same as you
 

00:03:21.120 --> 00:03:23.120 align:start position:0%
absolute reference stays the same as you
can<00:03:21.150><c> see</c><00:03:21.570><c> the</c><00:03:21.930><c> type</c><00:03:22.140><c> of</c><00:03:22.170><c> reference</c><00:03:22.530><c> that</c><00:03:22.890><c> you</c>

00:03:23.120 --> 00:03:23.130 align:start position:0%
can see the type of reference that you
 

00:03:23.130 --> 00:03:24.920 align:start position:0%
can see the type of reference that you
use<00:03:23.430><c> can</c><00:03:23.670><c> have</c><00:03:23.820><c> a</c><00:03:23.880><c> big</c><00:03:24.150><c> impact</c><00:03:24.360><c> on</c><00:03:24.750><c> your</c>

00:03:24.920 --> 00:03:24.930 align:start position:0%
use can have a big impact on your
 

00:03:24.930 --> 00:03:27.110 align:start position:0%
use can have a big impact on your
formula<00:03:25.260><c> so</c><00:03:25.890><c> whenever</c><00:03:26.250><c> you're</c><00:03:26.430><c> creating</c><00:03:26.640><c> one</c>

00:03:27.110 --> 00:03:27.120 align:start position:0%
formula so whenever you're creating one
 

00:03:27.120 --> 00:03:29.240 align:start position:0%
formula so whenever you're creating one
just<00:03:27.540><c> ask</c><00:03:27.750><c> yourself</c><00:03:28.230><c> do</c><00:03:28.740><c> you</c><00:03:28.830><c> want</c><00:03:28.860><c> to</c><00:03:29.070><c> use</c><00:03:29.220><c> a</c>

00:03:29.240 --> 00:03:29.250 align:start position:0%
just ask yourself do you want to use a
 

00:03:29.250 --> 00:03:31.340 align:start position:0%
just ask yourself do you want to use a
relative<00:03:29.730><c> reference</c><00:03:29.880><c> an</c><00:03:30.360><c> absolute</c><00:03:31.140><c> reference</c>

00:03:31.340 --> 00:03:31.350 align:start position:0%
relative reference an absolute reference
 

00:03:31.350 --> 00:03:36.590 align:start position:0%
relative reference an absolute reference
or<00:03:31.830><c> both</c>

00:03:36.590 --> 00:03:36.600 align:start position:0%
 
 

00:03:36.600 --> 00:03:40.320 align:start position:0%
 
GCF<00:03:37.600><c> global</c><00:03:38.280><c> creating</c><00:03:39.280><c> opportunities</c><00:03:39.940><c> for</c><00:03:40.270><c> a</c>

00:03:40.320 --> 00:03:40.330 align:start position:0%
GCF global creating opportunities for a
 

00:03:40.330 --> 00:03:42.840 align:start position:0%
GCF global creating opportunities for a
better<00:03:40.390><c> life</c>