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[Music]

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cell<00:00:11.420><c> references</c><00:00:11.990><c> are</c><00:00:12.170><c> one</c><00:00:12.349><c> of</c><00:00:12.440><c> the</c><00:00:12.500><c> most</c>

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cell references are one of the most
 

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cell references are one of the most
important<00:00:13.190><c> concepts</c><00:00:13.730><c> in</c><00:00:13.940><c> Excel</c><00:00:14.299><c> and</c><00:00:14.540><c> there</c>

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important concepts in Excel and there
 

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important concepts in Excel and there
are<00:00:15.260><c> a</c><00:00:15.320><c> couple</c><00:00:15.350><c> of</c><00:00:15.620><c> different</c><00:00:15.920><c> types</c><00:00:16.129><c> that</c><00:00:16.250><c> you</c>

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are a couple of different types that you
 

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are a couple of different types that you
need<00:00:16.580><c> to</c><00:00:16.700><c> know</c><00:00:16.880><c> about</c><00:00:17.410><c> relative</c><00:00:18.410><c> references</c>

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need to know about relative references
 

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need to know about relative references
and<00:00:19.360><c> absolute</c><00:00:20.360><c> references</c><00:00:21.310><c> let's</c><00:00:22.310><c> start</c><00:00:22.550><c> with</c>

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and absolute references let's start with
 

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and absolute references let's start with
relative<00:00:23.500><c> relative</c><00:00:24.500><c> references</c><00:00:25.009><c> are</c><00:00:25.250><c> the</c>

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relative relative references are the
 

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relative relative references are the
default<00:00:25.880><c> type</c><00:00:26.150><c> of</c><00:00:26.330><c> reference</c><00:00:26.480><c> and</c><00:00:26.900><c> they're</c>

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default type of reference and they're
 

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default type of reference and they're
probably<00:00:27.890><c> the</c><00:00:28.189><c> type</c><00:00:28.460><c> that</c><00:00:28.609><c> you'll</c><00:00:28.730><c> use</c><00:00:28.970><c> most</c>

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probably the type that you'll use most
 

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probably the type that you'll use most
often<00:00:29.660><c> in</c><00:00:30.130><c> this</c><00:00:31.130><c> example</c><00:00:31.490><c> I</c><00:00:31.760><c> want</c><00:00:32.000><c> to</c><00:00:32.059><c> know</c><00:00:32.180><c> the</c>

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often in this example I want to know the
 

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often in this example I want to know the
amount<00:00:32.660><c> of</c><00:00:32.780><c> money</c><00:00:32.840><c> spent</c><00:00:33.170><c> on</c><00:00:33.680><c> each</c><00:00:33.949><c> item</c><00:00:34.250><c> and</c>

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amount of money spent on each item and
 

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amount of money spent on each item and
to<00:00:35.390><c> do</c><00:00:35.540><c> this</c><00:00:35.720><c> I'll</c><00:00:35.960><c> need</c><00:00:36.170><c> to</c><00:00:36.379><c> multiply</c><00:00:36.500><c> the</c>

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to do this I'll need to multiply the
 

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to do this I'll need to multiply the
price<00:00:37.340><c> by</c><00:00:38.059><c> the</c><00:00:38.390><c> quantity</c><00:00:39.370><c> I'll</c><00:00:40.370><c> enter</c><00:00:40.670><c> my</c>

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price by the quantity I'll enter my
 

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price by the quantity I'll enter my
formula<00:00:41.210><c> here</c><00:00:43.300><c> start</c><00:00:44.300><c> by</c><00:00:44.420><c> typing</c><00:00:44.660><c> the</c><00:00:44.899><c> equals</c>

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formula here start by typing the equals
 

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formula here start by typing the equals
sign<00:00:45.500><c> and</c><00:00:46.210><c> the</c><00:00:47.210><c> formula</c><00:00:47.690><c> will</c><00:00:47.840><c> be</c><00:00:47.870><c> d4</c><00:00:49.450><c> times</c><00:00:50.450><c> e</c>

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sign and the formula will be d4 times e
 

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sign and the formula will be d4 times e
for<00:00:51.829><c> and</c><00:00:53.289><c> then</c><00:00:54.289><c> just</c><00:00:54.500><c> press</c><00:00:54.620><c> the</c><00:00:54.680><c> Enter</c><00:00:54.829><c> key</c>

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for and then just press the Enter key
 

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for and then just press the Enter key
now<00:00:56.910><c> if</c><00:00:57.060><c> I</c><00:00:57.150><c> use</c><00:00:57.180><c> the</c><00:00:57.420><c> fill</c><00:00:57.780><c> handle</c><00:00:58.020><c> to</c><00:00:58.230><c> copy</c>

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now if I use the fill handle to copy
 

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now if I use the fill handle to copy
this<00:00:58.770><c> formula</c><00:00:59.010><c> to</c><00:00:59.220><c> all</c><00:00:59.370><c> of</c><00:00:59.670><c> these</c><00:00:59.820><c> cells</c><00:01:00.210><c> you</c>

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this formula to all of these cells you
 

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this formula to all of these cells you
can<00:01:01.980><c> see</c><00:01:02.220><c> that</c><00:01:02.370><c> in</c><00:01:02.490><c> each</c><00:01:02.760><c> one</c><00:01:03.090><c> the</c><00:01:03.420><c> cell</c>

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can see that in each one the cell
 

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can see that in each one the cell
references<00:01:04.170><c> are</c><00:01:04.199><c> actually</c><00:01:04.680><c> going</c><00:01:04.860><c> to</c><00:01:04.949><c> be</c>

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references are actually going to be
 

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references are actually going to be
different<00:01:05.700><c> so</c><00:01:05.900><c> we</c><00:01:06.900><c> have</c><00:01:07.080><c> d7</c><00:01:08.660><c> d8</c>

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and<00:01:13.070><c> so</c><00:01:13.250><c> on</c><00:01:13.430><c> and</c><00:01:14.090><c> that's</c><00:01:14.270><c> because</c><00:01:14.570><c> these</c><00:01:14.780><c> are</c>

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and so on and that's because these are
 

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and so on and that's because these are
relative<00:01:15.649><c> references</c><00:01:16.490><c> in</c><00:01:16.939><c> the</c><00:01:17.570><c> original</c>

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relative references in the original
 

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relative references in the original
formula<00:01:18.380><c> when</c><00:01:18.560><c> we</c><00:01:18.710><c> enter</c><00:01:19.070><c> the</c><00:01:19.219><c> cell</c>

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formula when we enter the cell
 

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formula when we enter the cell
references<00:01:20.119><c> what</c><00:01:20.630><c> Excel</c><00:01:21.049><c> actually</c><00:01:21.560><c> sees</c><00:01:21.890><c> is</c>

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references what Excel actually sees is
 

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references what Excel actually sees is
just<00:01:22.520><c> the</c><00:01:23.000><c> location</c><00:01:23.630><c> relative</c><00:01:24.049><c> to</c><00:01:24.799><c> the</c><00:01:24.920><c> cell</c>

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just the location relative to the cell
 

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just the location relative to the cell
that<00:01:25.399><c> contains</c><00:01:25.549><c> the</c><00:01:26.000><c> formula</c><00:01:26.119><c> in</c><00:01:26.890><c> this</c><00:01:27.890><c> case</c>

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that contains the formula in this case
 

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that contains the formula in this case
it's<00:01:28.579><c> looking</c><00:01:28.789><c> two</c><00:01:29.360><c> cells</c><00:01:29.689><c> to</c><00:01:29.960><c> the</c><00:01:30.079><c> left</c><00:01:30.319><c> and</c>

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it's looking two cells to the left and
 

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it's looking two cells to the left and
also<00:01:31.399><c> one</c><00:01:32.090><c> cell</c><00:01:32.420><c> to</c><00:01:32.630><c> the</c><00:01:32.719><c> left</c><00:01:32.929><c> and</c><00:01:33.200><c> those</c><00:01:33.619><c> just</c>

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also one cell to the left and those just
 

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also one cell to the left and those just
happen<00:01:33.920><c> to</c><00:01:34.280><c> be</c><00:01:34.459><c> d4</c><00:01:35.329><c> and</c><00:01:35.600><c> e4</c><00:01:35.840><c> in</c><00:01:36.350><c> this</c><00:01:36.500><c> case</c>

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happen to be d4 and e4 in this case
 

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happen to be d4 and e4 in this case
and<00:01:38.299><c> each</c><00:01:38.840><c> copy</c><00:01:39.229><c> is</c><00:01:39.590><c> also</c><00:01:39.620><c> looking</c><00:01:40.310><c> to</c><00:01:40.520><c> sells</c>

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and each copy is also looking to sells
 

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and each copy is also looking to sells
to<00:01:41.299><c> the</c><00:01:41.360><c> left</c><00:01:41.630><c> and</c><00:01:41.869><c> one</c><00:01:42.680><c> sell</c><00:01:43.010><c> to</c><00:01:43.190><c> the</c><00:01:43.280><c> left</c>

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to the left and one sell to the left
 

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to the left and one sell to the left
now<00:01:45.440><c> this</c><00:01:45.590><c> is</c><00:01:45.770><c> really</c><00:01:46.250><c> useful</c><00:01:46.460><c> because</c><00:01:46.880><c> it</c>

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now this is really useful because it
 

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now this is really useful because it
means<00:01:47.119><c> we</c><00:01:47.390><c> can</c><00:01:47.540><c> easily</c><00:01:47.780><c> copy</c><00:01:48.229><c> the</c><00:01:48.440><c> formula</c><00:01:48.890><c> and</c>

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means we can easily copy the formula and
 

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means we can easily copy the formula and
the<00:01:49.580><c> cell</c><00:01:49.790><c> references</c><00:01:50.330><c> will</c><00:01:50.450><c> sort</c><00:01:50.630><c> of</c><00:01:50.690><c> move</c>

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the cell references will sort of move
 

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the cell references will sort of move
with<00:01:51.080><c> the</c><00:01:51.590><c> formula</c><00:01:52.070><c> and</c><00:01:52.299><c> that</c><00:01:53.299><c> doesn't</c>

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with the formula and that doesn't
 

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with the formula and that doesn't
necessarily<00:01:53.630><c> mean</c><00:01:54.290><c> that</c><00:01:54.320><c> the</c><00:01:54.560><c> references</c>

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necessarily mean that the references
 

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necessarily mean that the references
have<00:01:55.220><c> to</c><00:01:55.430><c> be</c><00:01:55.549><c> on</c><00:01:55.759><c> the</c><00:01:55.909><c> same</c><00:01:56.150><c> row</c><00:01:56.479><c> like</c><00:01:56.900><c> they</c><00:01:57.049><c> are</c>

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have to be on the same row like they are
 

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have to be on the same row like they are
here<00:01:57.590><c> they</c><00:01:58.100><c> could</c><00:01:58.310><c> be</c><00:01:58.430><c> anywhere</c><00:01:58.880><c> in</c><00:01:59.030><c> this</c>

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here they could be anywhere in this
 

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here they could be anywhere in this
sheet<00:01:59.479><c> it</c><00:02:00.409><c> just</c><00:02:00.650><c> means</c><00:02:00.860><c> that</c><00:02:00.979><c> when</c><00:02:01.250><c> the</c>

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sheet it just means that when the
 

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sheet it just means that when the
formula<00:02:01.790><c> is</c><00:02:01.940><c> copied</c><00:02:02.210><c> to</c><00:02:02.479><c> a</c><00:02:02.630><c> different</c><00:02:02.990><c> cell</c>

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formula is copied to a different cell
 

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formula is copied to a different cell
the<00:02:03.979><c> references</c><00:02:04.640><c> will</c><00:02:04.880><c> move</c><00:02:05.090><c> along</c><00:02:05.360><c> with</c><00:02:05.630><c> the</c>

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the references will move along with the
 

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the references will move along with the
formula

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now<00:02:10.819><c> there</c><00:02:11.030><c> are</c><00:02:11.150><c> other</c><00:02:11.359><c> times</c><00:02:11.810><c> where</c><00:02:12.290><c> you</c>

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now there are other times where you
 

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now there are other times where you
don't<00:02:12.530><c> want</c><00:02:13.099><c> the</c><00:02:13.250><c> cell</c><00:02:13.459><c> reference</c><00:02:13.849><c> to</c><00:02:14.030><c> change</c>

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don't want the cell reference to change
 

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don't want the cell reference to change
in<00:02:14.829><c> this</c><00:02:15.829><c> example</c><00:02:16.189><c> we</c><00:02:16.459><c> have</c><00:02:16.489><c> different</c>

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in this example we have different
 

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in this example we have different
varieties<00:02:17.480><c> of</c><00:02:17.510><c> roses</c><00:02:17.959><c> and</c><00:02:18.349><c> we</c><00:02:19.189><c> want</c><00:02:19.400><c> to</c><00:02:19.489><c> find</c>

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varieties of roses and we want to find
 

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varieties of roses and we want to find
the<00:02:19.879><c> percent</c><00:02:20.329><c> of</c><00:02:20.450><c> the</c><00:02:20.510><c> total</c><00:02:20.629><c> sold</c><00:02:21.200><c> for</c><00:02:21.590><c> each</c>

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the percent of the total sold for each
 

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the percent of the total sold for each
type<00:02:22.129><c> so</c><00:02:22.540><c> for</c><00:02:23.540><c> red</c><00:02:23.810><c> delight</c><00:02:24.200><c> we</c><00:02:24.530><c> know</c><00:02:24.709><c> that</c><00:02:24.859><c> we</c>

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type so for red delight we know that we
 

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type so for red delight we know that we
sold<00:02:25.189><c> 28</c><00:02:25.640><c> units</c><00:02:26.120><c> but</c><00:02:26.840><c> what</c><00:02:27.079><c> percentage</c><00:02:27.650><c> of</c><00:02:27.829><c> the</c>

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sold 28 units but what percentage of the
 

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sold 28 units but what percentage of the
total<00:02:28.250><c> is</c><00:02:28.609><c> that</c><00:02:29.139><c> we</c><00:02:30.139><c> can</c><00:02:30.290><c> find</c><00:02:30.319><c> the</c><00:02:30.620><c> percentage</c>

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total is that we can find the percentage
 

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total is that we can find the percentage
by<00:02:31.310><c> dividing</c><00:02:32.469><c> I'll</c><00:02:33.469><c> type</c><00:02:33.709><c> the</c><00:02:33.739><c> equal</c><00:02:34.250><c> sign</c>

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by dividing I'll type the equal sign
 

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by dividing I'll type the equal sign
and<00:02:36.340><c> c3</c><00:02:37.590><c> /</c><00:02:39.030><c> c12</c>

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then<00:02:44.630><c> I'll</c><00:02:44.870><c> use</c><00:02:45.050><c> the</c><00:02:45.080><c> fill</c><00:02:45.410><c> handle</c><00:02:45.620><c> to</c><00:02:45.860><c> copy</c>

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then I'll use the fill handle to copy
 

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then I'll use the fill handle to copy
this<00:02:46.430><c> formula</c><00:02:46.700><c> to</c><00:02:46.910><c> all</c><00:02:47.150><c> of</c><00:02:47.300><c> these</c><00:02:47.450><c> cells</c>

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this formula to all of these cells
 

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this formula to all of these cells
but<00:02:50.010><c> wait</c><00:02:50.280><c> a</c><00:02:50.310><c> minute</c>

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but wait a minute
 

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but wait a minute
doesn't<00:02:51.740><c> look</c><00:02:51.830><c> right</c><00:02:52.069><c> at</c><00:02:52.220><c> all</c>

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doesn't look right at all
 

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doesn't look right at all
the<00:02:54.040><c> first</c><00:02:54.340><c> ones</c><00:02:54.610><c> right</c><00:02:54.880><c> because</c><00:02:55.210><c> it's</c>

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the first ones right because it's
 

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the first ones right because it's
dividing<00:02:55.750><c> by</c><00:02:55.900><c> c12</c><00:02:56.590><c> which</c><00:02:57.130><c> is</c><00:02:57.280><c> our</c><00:02:57.400><c> total</c><00:02:58.170><c> but</c>

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dividing by c12 which is our total but
 

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dividing by c12 which is our total but
as<00:02:59.290><c> we</c><00:02:59.410><c> go</c><00:02:59.590><c> down</c><00:02:59.770><c> the</c><00:03:00.010><c> list</c><00:03:00.250><c> you</c><00:03:00.520><c> can</c><00:03:00.640><c> see</c><00:03:00.820><c> that</c>

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as we go down the list you can see that
 

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as we go down the list you can see that
the<00:03:01.090><c> cell</c><00:03:01.360><c> reference</c><00:03:01.780><c> is</c><00:03:01.990><c> moving</c><00:03:02.410><c> into</c><00:03:02.620><c> these</c>

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the cell reference is moving into these
 

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the cell reference is moving into these
empty<00:03:03.400><c> cells</c><00:03:03.670><c> which</c><00:03:04.360><c> is</c><00:03:04.540><c> not</c><00:03:04.750><c> what</c><00:03:05.020><c> we</c><00:03:05.140><c> want</c><00:03:05.410><c> we</c>

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empty cells which is not what we want we
 

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empty cells which is not what we want we
want<00:03:06.790><c> it</c><00:03:06.940><c> to</c><00:03:07.090><c> stay</c><00:03:07.450><c> frozen</c><00:03:08.140><c> on</c><00:03:08.350><c> c12</c><00:03:09.070><c> for</c><00:03:09.520><c> all</c><00:03:09.670><c> of</c>

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want it to stay frozen on c12 for all of
 

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want it to stay frozen on c12 for all of
these<00:03:10.000><c> formulas</c><00:03:10.540><c> and</c><00:03:10.750><c> to</c><00:03:11.590><c> do</c><00:03:11.710><c> that</c><00:03:11.920><c> we'll</c><00:03:12.400><c> need</c>

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these formulas and to do that we'll need
 

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these formulas and to do that we'll need
to<00:03:12.760><c> use</c><00:03:12.790><c> an</c><00:03:13.270><c> absolute</c><00:03:13.450><c> reference</c>

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absolute<00:03:17.230><c> references</c><00:03:17.800><c> will</c><00:03:17.950><c> have</c><00:03:18.130><c> a</c><00:03:18.160><c> dollar</c>

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absolute references will have a dollar
 

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absolute references will have a dollar
sign<00:03:18.700><c> placed</c><00:03:19.240><c> before</c><00:03:19.690><c> the</c><00:03:19.810><c> column</c><00:03:20.230><c> row</c><00:03:20.980><c> or</c>

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sign placed before the column row or
 

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sign placed before the column row or
both<00:03:21.910><c> to</c><00:03:22.600><c> keep</c><00:03:22.780><c> them</c><00:03:23.050><c> from</c><00:03:23.230><c> changing</c><00:03:23.800><c> if</c><00:03:24.450><c> you</c>

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both to keep them from changing if you
 

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both to keep them from changing if you
put<00:03:25.630><c> dollar</c><00:03:25.810><c> signs</c><00:03:25.930><c> before</c><00:03:26.350><c> the</c><00:03:26.620><c> column</c><00:03:26.950><c> and</c>

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put dollar signs before the column and
 

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put dollar signs before the column and
the<00:03:27.430><c> row</c><00:03:27.610><c> then</c><00:03:28.300><c> neither</c><00:03:28.570><c> of</c><00:03:28.690><c> them</c><00:03:28.930><c> will</c><00:03:29.050><c> change</c>

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the row then neither of them will change
 

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the row then neither of them will change
no<00:03:29.710><c> matter</c><00:03:29.860><c> where</c><00:03:30.130><c> you</c><00:03:30.250><c> copy</c><00:03:30.460><c> the</c><00:03:30.640><c> formula</c><00:03:31.060><c> to</c>

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no matter where you copy the formula to
 

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no matter where you copy the formula to
if<00:03:31.830><c> you</c><00:03:32.830><c> just</c><00:03:33.100><c> put</c><00:03:33.310><c> the</c><00:03:33.340><c> dollar</c><00:03:33.460><c> sign</c><00:03:33.880><c> before</c>

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if you just put the dollar sign before
 

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if you just put the dollar sign before
the<00:03:34.270><c> row</c><00:03:34.630><c> then</c><00:03:35.350><c> the</c><00:03:35.380><c> row</c><00:03:35.830><c> will</c><00:03:36.040><c> not</c><00:03:36.220><c> change</c><00:03:36.550><c> but</c>

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the row then the row will not change but
 

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the row then the row will not change but
the<00:03:37.330><c> column</c><00:03:37.690><c> will</c><00:03:37.870><c> change</c><00:03:38.170><c> if</c><00:03:38.410><c> you</c><00:03:38.740><c> copy</c><00:03:38.950><c> the</c>

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the column will change if you copy the
 

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the column will change if you copy the
formula<00:03:39.610><c> to</c><00:03:39.640><c> a</c><00:03:39.820><c> different</c><00:03:40.180><c> column</c><00:03:40.540><c> and</c><00:03:40.920><c> if</c><00:03:41.920><c> you</c>

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formula to a different column and if you
 

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formula to a different column and if you
just<00:03:42.160><c> put</c><00:03:42.340><c> the</c><00:03:42.430><c> dollar</c><00:03:42.550><c> sign</c><00:03:42.910><c> before</c><00:03:43.060><c> the</c>

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just put the dollar sign before the
 

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just put the dollar sign before the
column<00:03:43.420><c> then</c><00:03:44.320><c> the</c><00:03:44.530><c> column</c><00:03:44.920><c> won't</c><00:03:45.100><c> change</c><00:03:45.400><c> but</c>

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column then the column won't change but
 

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column then the column won't change but
the<00:03:46.060><c> row</c><00:03:46.300><c> can</c><00:03:46.690><c> change</c><00:03:47.430><c> now</c><00:03:48.430><c> most</c><00:03:48.640><c> of</c><00:03:48.730><c> the</c><00:03:48.820><c> time</c>

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the row can change now most of the time
 

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the row can change now most of the time
you're<00:03:49.180><c> just</c><00:03:49.210><c> going</c><00:03:49.570><c> to</c><00:03:49.660><c> be</c><00:03:49.780><c> using</c><00:03:50.230><c> the</c><00:03:50.440><c> first</c>

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you're just going to be using the first
 

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you're just going to be using the first
one<00:03:50.950><c> where</c><00:03:51.160><c> there's</c><00:03:51.340><c> a</c><00:03:51.400><c> dollar</c><00:03:51.580><c> sign</c><00:03:51.850><c> before</c>

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one where there's a dollar sign before
 

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one where there's a dollar sign before
the<00:03:52.210><c> column</c><00:03:52.330><c> and</c><00:03:52.900><c> the</c><00:03:53.110><c> row</c>

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so<00:03:57.520><c> we</c><00:03:57.610><c> can</c><00:03:57.760><c> go</c><00:03:57.910><c> back</c><00:03:57.940><c> to</c><00:03:58.270><c> this</c><00:03:58.390><c> example</c><00:03:58.780><c> and</c>

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so we can go back to this example and
 

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so we can go back to this example and
add<00:03:59.530><c> dollar</c><00:03:59.980><c> signs</c><00:04:00.370><c> before</c><00:04:00.940><c> the</c><00:04:01.060><c> column</c><00:04:01.450><c> and</c>

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add dollar signs before the column and
 

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add dollar signs before the column and
the<00:04:01.870><c> row</c><00:04:02.190><c> to</c><00:04:03.190><c> make</c><00:04:03.220><c> c12</c><00:04:04.000><c> an</c><00:04:04.210><c> absolute</c>

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the row to make c12 an absolute
 

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the row to make c12 an absolute
reference

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and<00:04:09.250><c> now</c><00:04:10.240><c> if</c><00:04:10.390><c> we</c><00:04:10.570><c> copy</c><00:04:10.750><c> this</c><00:04:10.990><c> formula</c><00:04:11.230><c> these</c>

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and now if we copy this formula these
 

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and now if we copy this formula these
numbers<00:04:12.040><c> look</c><00:04:12.190><c> a</c><00:04:12.280><c> lot</c><00:04:12.520><c> better</c>

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if<00:04:15.370><c> you</c><00:04:15.849><c> double-click</c><00:04:16.150><c> on</c><00:04:16.359><c> some</c><00:04:16.720><c> of</c><00:04:16.840><c> them</c><00:04:16.989><c> you</c>

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if you double-click on some of them you
 

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if you double-click on some of them you
can<00:04:17.320><c> see</c><00:04:17.350><c> that</c><00:04:17.739><c> the</c><00:04:17.859><c> relative</c><00:04:18.040><c> reference</c><00:04:18.730><c> is</c>

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can see that the relative reference is
 

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can see that the relative reference is
different<00:04:19.419><c> in</c><00:04:19.600><c> each</c><00:04:19.720><c> one</c><00:04:19.780><c> but</c><00:04:20.320><c> the</c><00:04:20.799><c> c12</c>

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different in each one but the c12
 

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different in each one but the c12
reference<00:04:21.910><c> stays</c><00:04:22.480><c> constant</c>

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the<00:04:27.150><c> type</c><00:04:27.389><c> of</c><00:04:27.419><c> cell</c><00:04:27.780><c> references</c><00:04:28.349><c> that</c><00:04:28.379><c> you</c><00:04:28.620><c> use</c>

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the type of cell references that you use
 

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the type of cell references that you use
in<00:04:28.949><c> your</c><00:04:28.979><c> formulas</c><00:04:29.550><c> are</c><00:04:29.729><c> very</c><00:04:29.759><c> important</c><00:04:30.629><c> so</c>

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in your formulas are very important so
 

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in your formulas are very important so
whenever<00:04:31.560><c> you're</c><00:04:31.860><c> creating</c><00:04:32.310><c> a</c><00:04:32.370><c> formula</c><00:04:32.879><c> just</c>

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whenever you're creating a formula just
 

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whenever you're creating a formula just
ask<00:04:33.659><c> yourself</c><00:04:34.110><c> whether</c><00:04:34.439><c> you</c><00:04:34.620><c> want</c><00:04:34.800><c> to</c><00:04:34.889><c> use</c>

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ask yourself whether you want to use
 

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ask yourself whether you want to use
relative<00:04:35.550><c> references</c><00:04:36.469><c> absolute</c><00:04:37.469><c> references</c>

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relative references absolute references
 

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relative references absolute references
or<00:04:38.400><c> both</c><00:04:40.219><c> like</c><00:04:41.219><c> that</c><00:04:41.400><c> you</c><00:04:41.550><c> just</c><00:04:41.759><c> saw</c><00:04:42.620><c> radix</c><00:04:43.620><c> add</c>

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or both like that you just saw radix add
 

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or both like that you just saw radix add
a<00:04:44.189><c> comment</c><00:04:44.729><c> subscribe</c><00:04:45.240><c> to</c><00:04:45.569><c> our</c><00:04:45.810><c> Channel</c><00:04:46.319><c> the</c>

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a comment subscribe to our Channel the
 

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a comment subscribe to our Channel the
freedom<00:04:47.729><c> to</c><00:04:47.879><c> learn</c><00:04:48.650><c> what</c><00:04:49.650><c> you</c><00:04:49.860><c> want</c><00:04:50.360><c> when</c><00:04:51.360><c> you</c>

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freedom to learn what you want when you
 

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freedom to learn what you want when you
want<00:04:53.419><c> absolutely</c><00:04:54.419><c> free</c>

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GCF<00:04:58.930><c> learn</c><00:04:59.530><c> free.org</c>