Examples of Islamic calendar in the following topics:
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Dates and Calendars
- The Islamic calendar determines the first year in 622 CE, during which the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.
- It is used to date events in many Muslim countries (concurrently with the Gregorian calendar), and is used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper days on which to observe and celebrate Islamic religious practices (e.g., fasting), holidays, and festivals.
- Some of the more prominent regional Hindu calendars include the Nepali calendar, Assamese calendar, Bengali calendar, Malayalam calendar, Tamil calendar, the Vikrama Samvat (used in Northern India), and Shalivahana calendar.
- Islamic Calendar stamp issued at King Khaled airport (10 Rajab 1428 / 24 July 2007)
- The first year was the Islamic year beginning in AD 622, during which the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, occurred.
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Post-Byzantine Egypt
- The Rashidun Caliphate was the Islamic caliphate in the earliest period of Islam, comprising the first four caliphs.
- It was founded after Muhammad's death in 632 (year 11 AH in the Islamic calendar).
- Conversions of Copts to Islam were at first rare, and the old system of taxation was maintained for the greater part of the first Islamic century.
- The Fatimids reserved separate pulpits for different Islamic sects, where the scholars expressed their various ideas.
- They were popularly used as heavy knightly cavalry by a number of different Islamic kingdoms and empires.
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Islamic Painting
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The Islamic Republic of Iran
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Islamic Art
- Islamic art encompasses visual arts produced from the seventh century onwards by culturally Islamic populations.
- Islamic art is not restricted to religious art, but instead includes all of the art of the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies.
- Islamic religious art differs greatly from Christian religious art traditions.
- Islamic art was influenced by Greek, Roman, early Christian, and Byzantine art styles, as well as the Sassanian art of pre-Islamic Persia.
- Identify the influences of, and the specific attributes of, Islamic art.
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Islamic Ceramics
- Islamic art has notable achievements in ceramics which reached heights unmatched by other cultures.
- The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating to around the 8th century.
- The development of this type of pharmacy jar had its roots in the Islamic Middle East.
- These were still in earthenware, since porcelain was not made in Islamic countries until modern times.
- The medieval Islamic world also painted pottery with animal and human imagery, with examples found throughout the medieval Islamic world, particularly in Persia and Egypt.
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The Modern Era
- From the 18th century onward, modern Islamic art has been increasingly influenced by European styles.
- The modern period of Islamic art has been heavily affected by European influence.
- This had an effect on Islamic art, which was usually strongly led by the patronage of the court.
- From at least the 18th century onwards, elite Islamic art was increasingly influenced by European styles.
- Evaluate the pros and cons of European influence on modern Islamic art.
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The Classical Period of the Maya
- A 260-day calendar (Tzolkin) was combined with the 365-day solar calendar (Haab') to create a calendar round.
- It utilized 20 named days that repeated 13 times in that calendar year.
- The solar calendar (Haab') is very similar to the modern solar calendar year that uses the earth's orbit around the sun to measure time.
- Each symbol represents a specific day within the calendar.
- When the Tzolkin and Haab' calendar's are combined they create a 52-year solar calendar.
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Periodic Abstinence
- The first formalized calendar-based method was developed in 1930 by John Smulders, a Roman Catholic physician from the Netherlands.
- The actual failure rate of calendar-based methods is 25% per year.
- The low level of reliability of calendar-based methods is because their formulas make several assumptions that are not always true.
- Calendar-based methods use records of past menstrual cycles to predict the length of future cycles.
- Finally, calendar-based methods assume that all bleeding is true menstruation.
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Islamic Calligraphy
- Calligraphic design was omnipresent in Islamic art in the Middle Ages, and is seen in all types of art including architecture and the decorative arts.
- In a religion where figural representations are considered to be an act of idolatry, it is no surprise that the word and its artistic representation have become an important aspect in Islamic art.
- There are many examples of calligraphy and calligraphic inscriptions pertaining to verses from the Qur'an in Islamic arts.
- However, calligraphic design is not limited to the book in Islamic art.
- The interior of The Dome of the Rock features many calligraphic inscriptions, from both the Qur'an and other sources, demonstrating the importance of calligraphy in Islamic art and its use in several different medias.